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Lots of other Scientologist-run services and organizations come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits using Hubbard's management teachings, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE needs those who want to become Hubbard management seeks advice from to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This area requires expansion. You can help by contributing to it. In order to facilitate the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the type of powerful or reputable people. Church of Scientology Perth. Though it has actually achieved some credibility as a religion in numerous nations, Scientology has likewise been referred to as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Level playing field individuals it views as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of fraud, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, destructive libel against attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of presence" may be perceived as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were commercial and run for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost consistently for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had actually at first demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization.


Scientology mentions click to find out more its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in a web poll run by the presidential transition team soliciting public input for the incoming administration.

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State Department has actually slammed Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released annual International Religious Liberty report, based upon the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated legally as a company, and not as a religion or charitable organization. [] In click here now early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and many related terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on people and groups who attempt to use it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular aspects of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was developed with its head workplace located at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Office (later relabelled the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and dedicated among the biggest penetration of United States federal agencies ever committed by an organization not connected with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The crime committed by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unusual. No structure, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No individual or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past used aggressive tactics in dealing with those it sees as attempting to suppress them, referred to as Suppressive Persons (SPs) first detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair video game. Perth Scientology. It was click to investigate under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have actually been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb dangers in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to prison for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.